1. Limited access to Early Childhood Development Centre. The local government lacks adequate, effective, and proactive support to offer quality centre-based ECD services. 2. Limited access to healthcare services: In 2016, the City of Cape Town opened a day hospital and temporary clinic that provide reproductive health advice. Despite the efforts made the services are still limited. 3. Poor parenting skills among parents and guardians. There is a lack of knowledge and support from parents.